Present Tense

Present Simple Tense (Present Simple w/o action verbs)

• Talking about the state of being. Talking about what/why/when/where/who/how someone or something is/are and not do/does. Therefore, only the “to be” verb hona has forms in this tense. (No action)
  • I am
  • You are
  • He is
  • She is
  • This is
  • They are
  • We are
• Conjugation
  • Hoon - main
  • Ho - tum
  • Hai - tu, ye (informal, singular), vo (informal, singular)
  • Hain - aap, ye (formal, plural), vo (formal, plural), hum

Present Habitual Tense (Present Simple)

• Talking about the actions you do habitually or that happen in general no matter how often or rare.
  • I walk
  • You play
  • He sleeps
  • She celebrates holi.
  • They work.
  • We swim
• Conjugation
  • Drop “-na” and replace it with “-ta/-te/-ti” and finish it with Hona
    • ta - main, tu, vo (informal, singular), ye (informal, singular) - male
    • te - Aap, ye (formal, plural), vo (formal, plural), hum, tum - male
    • ti - all - female
• Only in the present habitual tense, if there is a negation (nahin) then we drop the verb - hona.
  • Hum nahin khaate.
• Present habitual tense is also used to talk about the actions in the very immediate future. Sometimes “abhi” (right now) is added after the subject to make it obvious.
  • Main abhi file kholta hoon. I am opening the file right away.

Present Continuous Tense (Present Continuous)

• Talking about the actions you are doing or are happening in the present moment or in the future. For example,
  • I am eating.
  • I am partying tonight
• Conjugation
  • Drop “-na” and add “raha/rahe/rahi” and finish the verb with HONA.
    • Raha - main, tu, vo (informal, singular), ye (informal, singular) - male
    • Rahe - Aap, ye (formal, plural), vo (formal, plural), hum, tum - male
    • Rahi - all - female

Present Perfect Tense (Present Perfect)

• Talking about the specific actions you did in the past but also have some relevance in the present moment.

  • I have worked all day.

    Maine pure din kaam kiya hai.

• Conjugation

  • Perfect Simple Tense + Present Simple of HONA

Past Tense

Past Simple Tense (Past Simple w/o action verbs)

• Talking about the state of being. Talking about what/why/when/where/who/how someone or something was/were and not did. Therefore, only the “to be” verb hona has forms in this tense.
  • I was
  • You were
  • He was
  • She was
  • They were
  • We were
• Conjugation
  • Tha - main, tu, vo (informal, singular), ye (informal, singular) - male
  • The - Aap, ye (formal, plural), vo (formal, plural), hum, tum - male
  • Thi - all - female